1. Rosa Green estimates the cost of future projects for a large contracting firm. Rosa uses precisely the same techniques to estimate the costs of every potential job and formulates bids by adding a standard profit markup. For some companies, to which the firm offers its services, there are no competitors also seeking their business, so Rosa's company is almost certain to get these companies as clients. For these jobs, Rosa finds that her cost estimates are right, on average. For jobs where competitors are also vying for the business, Rosa finds that they almost always end up costing more than she estimates. a. True
b. False

2. Rosa is less likely to win the jobs where she underestimates the costs, causing her to experience the winner's curse.

a. False
b. True

1) a. True

Rosa is almost always right when she knows that her company is a monopoly, i.e. has no competition, but is generally wrong when her company has to compete with other contractors. It is simple, a monopolist can decide which markup percentage to use, and can use a really high one, but when competition exists, markups are not so high and profits not so abundant. That is why she almost always gets it wrong when having to deal with other competitors.

2) a. False

The winner's curse usually happens when someone wins a bid over some contract or asset, but then they realize that the actual price of the contract or asset was lower than the bid. E.g. in an auction, two people are fighting over to see who buys an antique car which increases the price of the car way beyond the real market value. But it can also happen to a company that offers very low prices, and then after they won a contract, cannot perform properly because their actual costs are higher.

When a company makes an offer, they are certain about the price of the contract and they should know the value of the services or goods that they are offering. If Rosa underestimates her costs, and prepares her offer using unrealistically low costs, then she will probably win the bid but end up losing money.

the answer is risk management planning

the correct answer would be b, when, queen, calder hall and london.

explanation:

we always capitalize words when a paragraph or sentence is starting, when an important name is used, when a place is being written, or simply when a noun is used, etc. so in this sentence, sentence is starting from 'when', so it will be written in capital letters. secondly, queen is considered to be an important person, so it will also be written in capital letter. next, the name of the town is mentioned, i-e calder hall, which will also be written in capital letters. in the last,   city name is being used, 'london', which will also be written in capital letters. so option b is the most appropriate one.