The formula to compute the direct labor rate variance is to calculate the difference between a.(Actual labor cost) - (Actual hours x Standard rate) b.(Standard hours x Standard rate) - (Standard labor cost) c.(Standard hours x Actual rate) - (Standard labor cost) d.(Actual labor cost) - (Standard hours x Standard rate)

ans.

heterothermic organisms include those organisms that can switch between homeothermic (having body temperature higher than environment) and poikilothermic (having variation in internal body temperature) strategies.

some migratory birds show heterothermy as they decrease their metabolic rate during cold nights to keep their body temperature low. drop in metabolic rate allows increase in production efficiency of birds that reduces the internal body temperature to make it equal to external cold temperature during cold nights.

thus, the correct answer is 'birds allow their temperature drop in order to increase their production efficiency.'

answer; comparing the additional benefits and costs;

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