Which of the following best describes probable cause as it relates to the Fourth Amendment arrest requirements? *
A. An officer is "all but certain" the suspect has committed the crime
B. There exists a "fair probability" that the suspect committed the crime
C. A "reasonable person" would suspect that the suspect committed the crime
D. An educated person would have "reason to believe" the suspect committed the crime

B. There exists a "fair probability" that the suspect committed the crime.

Explanation:

The Fourth Amendment was part of the Bill of Rights that was added to the Constitution on December 15, 1791. It protects people from unlawful searches and seizures. This means that the police can't search you or your house without a warrant or probable cause.

The Fourth Amendment is important because the framers of the constitution realized that governmental intrusions infringed on the rights of the public.

C) A "reasonable person" would suspect that the suspect committed the crime

Explanation:

Probable is not defined in the Constitution and even the Supreme Court recognizes that is a pretty vague term. But lately it has issued a more loose and flexible approach as stated in Illinois v. Gates:

"factual and practical considerations of everyday life on which reasonable  and prudent men [...] act"

That means that probable cause is not determined on the point of view of an expert or well educated individual, e.g. a police officer, detective, but it must be considered upon what any reasonable person would suspect.