Manufacturing overhead was estimated to be $489,600 for the year along with 20,400 direct labor hours. Actual manufacturing overhead was $470,220, and actual labor hours were 21,800. The predetermined manufacturing overhead rate per direct labor hour would be:

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.

The answer is fast food restaurants use technology designed to reduce the need for skilled labor.