Removal and microscopic examination of a tissue sample to determine if cancer is present is a(n)

Which pedigree symbol is used to represent a female carrier of a recessive x-linked trait? поө0 || save and exit submit

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Which statement is the best summary of the model? a-a series of aerobic and anaerobic reactions take place in cells b- the sun's energy moves through trophic levels in a food chain c-light energy is converted into stored chemical energy plants.d- food molecules are broken down in the cells if living things.