Pseudomonas putida is used for fermentation of the lactose present in cheese whey. The bacteria are cultivated in a steady-state chemostat with sterile feed and at a dilution rate of D = 0.28 h-1. The lactose concentration in the feed and the effluent are S0 = 2.0 g/L and S = 0.10 g/L, respectively. The following information is available: YX/S = 0.45 g X/g S, YX/O2 = 0.25 g X/g O2, and C* = 8 mg/l (saturation DO). a. Determine the steady-state biomass concentration (X) and the specific rate of oxygen consumption (go2) b. What should be the oxygen transfer coefficient (Kia) to overcome oxygen transfer limitations if the desired DO concentration in the fermentation medium is 2 mg/l?

Chapter 11.1 & 11.2 notes section 11.1 1. every living thing has a set of ? inherited from its parents. 2. after becoming a ? , mendel spent several years studying ? and mathematics at the university of vienna. 3. during sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join, a process known as ? . 4. pea flowers are normally ? , which means that sperm cells in pollen fertilize the egg cells in the ? flowers. 5. when mendel crossed plants with ? characters for the same trait, the resulting offspring had only one of the characters. 6. a ? is a specific characteristic, such as seed color or plant height, that varies from one individual to another. 7. filius and filia are the latin words for ? and ? . 8. the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits are called ? . 9.to mendel's surprise, all of the offspring had the character of only ? of the parents. 10. mendel's first conclusion was that biological inheritance is determined by ? that are ? from one generation to the next. 11. scientist calls the chemical factors that determine traits ? . 12. mendel's second conclusion is the ? . 13. the principle of dominance states that some alleles are ? and others are ? . 14. when mendel allowed the f1 plants to reproduce by self-pollination the traits controlled by ? alleles reappeared in about ? of the f2 plants in each cross.

How are mutations continually being generated in a population (what are some of the causes of mutatuions? ) explain

When you run, you begin to breathe heavier and faster. your heart beats more quickly, bringing more oxygen to your cells. which organ systems are working together here?