Glucose and sodium move from the lumen of the small intestine into the blood via transport proteins in the epithelial cells lining the small intestine.

Explain how this system maximizes glucose absorption from the intestinal lumen into the epithelial cells and from the epithelial cells into the blood.

Answered below.

Explanation:

During the absorption of glucose in the small intestinal lumen, the following processes occur.

Sodium ions inside the small intestinal cells are moved into the interstitial fluid and into the blood by the sodium-potassium pump.

The resulting low sodium in the intracellular environment creates a concentration gradient that triggers the transportation of sodium ions from the intestinal lumen into the small intestinal cells or enterocytes, by a mechanism called facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion means diffusion facilitated by a transport protein. This transport protein, called the the sodium-glucose cotransporter, transports sodium alongside with glucose into the cells.

After glucose has been transported into the cell,it is then moved through the basal and lateral membranes into the blood by another transport protein called GLUT2.

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