4. In one to three paragraphs, describe dynamic changes that have occurred in the ecosystem you chose. Consider whether your ecosystem is degraded, restored, or neither, and list organisms that were once in the ecosystem but are no longer there.

the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including dna and rna. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.

the answer is lactic acid from anaerobic respiration. the acid in lactic acid is what creates sore and burning muscles. if you think about how acid burns that will give you a clue for questions like this.

since there are no options posted i'll give you a few examples.

a dolphin's flipper, bird's wing, cat's leg.