Open hint for question 10 in a new window you cross two fruit trees. one tree produces lemons with spiky leaves. the other produces limes with smooth leaves. your f1 generation produces lemons with smooth leaves and spiky leaves. what are the genotypes of the parents?

The question is incomplete, the complete question is:

You cross two fruit trees. One tree produces lemons with spiky leaves. The other produces limes with smooth leaves. Your F1 generation produces lemons with smooth leaves and spiky leaves. What are the genotypes of the parents? Lemon= L, Lime= l, Smooth leaf = S, Spiky leaf= s

The answer is LLss and llSs

Explanation:

This is a typical dihybrid cross involving two genes, one coding for type of citrus and the other for leaf shape. In the first gene, the allele for lemon (L) is dominant over allele for lime (l) while allele for smooth leaf (S) is dominant over the allele for spiky leaf (s).

One of the parent produces lemon and spiky leaves, meaning it exhibits the dominant trait for the first gene and recessive trait for the second. Hence, it can either have a LLss or Llss genotype.

The second parent produces limes and smooth leaves, meaning that it possesses the recessive trait for the first gene and the dominant trait for the second gene. Hence, it will have a possible genotype of llSS or llSs.

Note that, a recessive trait (spiky leaf and lime) will only be expressed in a homozygous state (ss and ll) while a dominant trait (smooth leaf and lemon) can be expressed either in a heterozygous (Ss and Ll) or homozygous (SS and LL) state.

Since the offsprings were all lemons, it means the parent that exhibited the dominant trait is homozygous (LL) for it. Also, the offsprings had both smooth and spiky leaves, it means the parent that exhibited dominant trait for leaf shape was heterozygous (Ss).

Hence, the genotypes of the parent will be LLss and llSs.

the african cheetah.

this species has a relatively low level of genetic

variation because the population was reduced to a small size approxi-

mately 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.

chapter   outline

24.1

genes in populations and the hardy-

weinberg equation

24.2

factors that change allele and genotype

frequencies in populations

24.3     sources of new genetic variation

population   genetics

24

until   now,   we   have   primarily   focused   our   attention   on   genes  

within   individuals   and   their   related   family   members.   in   this  

chapter   and   chapters   25   and   26   ,   we   turn   to   the   study   of   genes   in  

a   population   or   species.   the   field   of

population   genetics

  is   con-

cerned   with   changes   in   genetic   variation   within   a   group   of   indi-

viduals   over   time.   population   geneticists   want   to   know   the   extent  

of   genetic   variation   within   populations,   why   it   exists,   and   how   it  

changes   over   the   course   of   many   generations.   the   field   of   popu-

lation   genetics   emerged   as   a   branch   of   genetics   in   the   1920s   and  

1930s.   its   mathematical   foundations   were   developed   by   theoreti-

cians   who   extended   the   principles   of   gregor   mendel   and   charles  

darwin   by   deriving   formulas   to   explain   the   occurrence   of   geno-

types   within   populations.   these   foundations   can   be   largely   attrib-

uted to three scientists: sir ronald fisher, sewall wright, and j. b. s.

haldane.   as   we   will   see,   support   for   their   mathematical   theories  

was provided by several researchers who analyzed the genetic com-

position   of   natural   and   experimental   populations.   more   recently,  

population   geneticists   have   used   techniques   to   probe   genetic  

variation   at   the   molecular   level.   in   addition,   staggering   advances  

in   computer   technology   have   aided   population   geneticists   in   the  

analysis   of   their   genetic   theories   and   data.   in   this   chapter,   we   will  

explore   the   genetic   variation   that   occurs   in   populations   and   con-

sider   the   reasons   why   the   genetic   composition   of   populations   may  

change over the course of several generations