Do you think the wings of a galapagos cormorant are vestigial structures? explain your answer using evidence from the article.

Yes, the wings of the Galapagos cormorant are vestigial.  

Explanation:

The Galapagos cormorant is also called the flightless cormorant is a cormorant exclusively found in the Galapagos Island. It is specific as it is the only cormorant that has lost the tendency to fly. The wings of the bird are about 1/3rd the size needed for a bird to fly. The breastbone keel, that is, the location where the birds’ accord the big muscles required for flight is also substantially diminished. The changes would have taken place generally due to mutation with time.  

Yes, the wings are vestigial structures because they are still apart of the birds' bodies but they can't use them for flight. The article says it's because of a genetic mutation.

both anaerobic and aerobic respiration use glucose (or other carbohydrates), proteins and lipids to produce atp and nadh. cell uses those energy molecules, obtained from food and   breaks them down during the chemical reactions of respiration. in anaerobic respiration, nadh is regenerated to nad+ by enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (lactate is produced, e.g. in muscle cells) or by alcohol dehydrogenase where ethanol is produced (alcohol fermentation), while in aerobic respiration, electrons from nadh are deposited in the mitochondria to regenerate nad+ (electron transport chain. anaerobic respiration produces 2 atp per molecule of glucose compared to aerobic respiration where about 38 atp molecules are produced.