Read the excerpt from joseph chamberlain’s speech "i believe in a british empire.”

i cannot look forward without dread to handing over the security and existence of this great empire to the hands of those who have made common cause with its enemies, who have charged their own countrymen with methods of barbarism, and who apparently have been untouched by that pervading sentiment which i found everywhere where the british flag floats, and which has done so much in recent years to draw us together. i should not require to go to south africa in order to be convinced that this feeling has obtained deep hold on the minds and hearts of our children beyond the seas. it has had a hard life of it, this feeling of imperial patriotism. it was checked for a generation by the apathy and the indifference which were the characteristics of our former relations with our colonies, but it was never extinguished. the embers were still alight, and when in the late war this old country of ours showed that it was still possessed by the spirit of our ancestors, and that it was still prepared to count no sacrifice that was necessary in order to maintain the honor and the interests of the empire, then you found a response from your children across the seas that astonished the whole world by a proof, an undeniable proof, of affection and regard.

what is the author’s claim in this passage?

it is time for england’s colonies to attain freedom.
imperial patriotism is no longer felt in the colonies.
it is a mistake to allow a colony to become independent.
england has sacrificed subjects’ lives for its interests.