Kevin is hanging out with his friends at the mall when he bumps into his ex-girlfriend and her new boyfriend. he is devastated. he feels like his heart has been torn open, and he is on the verge of tears. although he has only said "hi" to her, he believes that his friends, his ex-girlfriend, and her new boyfriend can clearly see his heartache. this phenomenon is known as

Robbins (2008) diz que é fácil julgar outras pessoas se presumimos que elas são parecidas conosco. por exemplo, se você quer desafios e responsabilidades em seu trabalho, você supõe que os outros querem o mesmo. ou ainda, se você é honesto e confiável, toma como verdade que outras pessoas são igualmente honestas e confiáveis. essa tendência de atribuir as próprias características a outras pessoas é denominada: a) percepção seletiva b) projeção c) efeito de halo d) estereótipo e) efeito contraste

Kay is a thoughtful and considerate person but has a difficult time making decisions on her own. she relies on her one best friend, someone she has known since childhood, to give her advice on virtually every decision she makes. sometimes kay even asks the friend to make the decision for her. at work, she holds a position far below her potential and has refused several promotion opportunities. she is most likely suffering from personality disorder.

Francine, a college freshman, has agreed to participate in a psychology research study. before she begins her participation, she reads a statement written by the researcher explaining the purpose of the research and the potential risks of participation. it also explains that francine is free to withdraw from the research at any time. in providing francine with this statement, the researcher has followed the ethical guidelines of for participants.