Stephen notices that jenny is sitting by herself in the cafeteria, crying. watching her cry makes stephen feel upset, so he goes over to try to comfort her. stephen's behavior is likely motivated by the motive for others. affiliative empathic concern personal distress reciprocity

Stephen's behavior is likely motivated by the "personal distress" motive for helping others. 

In psychology, personal distress is an aversive, self-centered enthusiastic response (e.g., uneasiness, stress, distress) to the misgiving or appreciation of another's passionate state or condition. This contrary full of feeling state frequently happens because of passionate infection when there is disarray amongst self and other. Personal distress may even outcome in a more vain inspiration to lessen it, by pulling back from the stressor, for instance, along these lines diminishing the probability of prosocial conduct. 

The correct answer is "  it was believed that the dispute emerged in 632 just after the death of the prophet muhammad."