Abank might consistently deny loans to people of a certain race. this would be an example of discrimination.

these are the choices

local priests

european monarchs

common people

bible translators

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.