In classical conditioning, the subject exhibits a(n) response to what at one time was a stimuli.

In classical conditioning, the subject exhibits a "reflux" response to what at one time was a "neutral" stimuli.

Classical conditioning refers to a type of learning whereby an conditioned stimulus progresses toward becoming related with an unrelated unconditioned stimulus keeping in mind the end goal to create a behavioral reaction known as a conditioned response . The conditioned response is the scholarly reaction to the beforehand unbiased jolt.

An informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.