Robert is walking down the street late at night when a man in a ski mask suddenly sticks a gun in his face and takes his wallet. sociologists would say that robert's mugger had but not

The mugger had power but not authority.
Obviously, the mugger had power over Robert because he had a gun and was threatening Robert's life - there wasn't much that Robert could have done in order to overpower the criminal. However, the mugger didn't have authority because he was wearing a mask - if he did, he wouldn't have had the mask on.

The answer would be hard press.