Jelena is studying in her apartment when suddenly the power goes out. she has to walk to the kitchen to get a flashlight and is surprised by how well she "navigates" without bumping into anything in the dark. she is able to do this because she has formed a(n)

corrupt also means cruel

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.