Research relating to individual temperaments has indicated that children with difficult temperaments: a. are more likely to have learning disabilities in childhood. b. largely do not carry that temperament into adulthood. c. are less likely than other adults to be assertive. d. are more likely to show negative outcomes in adulthood.

The correct answer is d. are more likely to show negative outcomes in adulthood.

Children who display high fearfulness, irritability and inconsistent behavior are said to have difficult temperaments. Such children can experience negative life outcomes as adults because they tend to externalize blame, perceive themselves as victims, have low-self esteem etc. Children with difficult temperaments are also likely to have addictions and abuse substances as adults.