Lana's dog echo barks when the phone or doorbell rings. to train echo only to bark when the doorbell rings, she gives him a treat when he does so. she does not give him a treat when he barks at a ringing phone. lana is using conditioning to train echo, using the learning process of stimulus

The answer is operant conditioning; discrimination.  Discrimination is a word that is used in both classical and operant conditioning. The discriminated operant is an operant answer that is under the stimulus control of a discriminative stimulus. Such control is recognized by strengthening the reply in the existence of that discriminative stimulus. For instance, after suitable training, your dog will raise his paw to the oral command "shake."

the anti federalists was a movement that was opposed to the creation of a us federal government. although they were not as organized as the federalists, they also had a large group of leaders, especially in state politics.

the statement "now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people” represents the concerns of the anti federalists.

they strongly believed that the federalists were representing the interests of aristocratic elements of society at the expense of the majority of ordinary people, who lived in a rural society.

their fear for the creation of a strong federal government and the president’s power of veto in their opinion would create a tyrannical rule that would dominate the people. they defended the importance of restraining the government’s power towards people at any cost.

answer; the automatic system because it is a "gut reactor"