"is the act of using quotas or tariffs to shield one or more industries within a country's economy from foreign competition"

The answer is "protectionism".

Protectionism refers to the act or point at which a nation tries to shield its own particular enterprises from global competition. Truly protectionism has been related with nations endeavoring to create from rich to poor. The most widely recognized contention for protectionism is that before a nation can contend globally it needs time to build up it's own businesses. This is in some cases called the infant industry argument.