What term does vygotsky use to designate the symbols, created by cultures, that people to think, communicate, and solve problems?

Sam and ben have discovered some strange animals living in the woods behind their house. ben is excited because he believes they are marsupials, an animal he's never observed in the wild before. his brother is sure it is not. what feature should the boys consider in deciding whether the animals are marsupials?

"“forty or fifty years ago, many people thought that simply transferring technologies from industrialized to developing countries would close the technology gap. now we know that technologies developed in industrialized countries may not be suitable for use in other environments. they may require a particular type of infrastructure to operate. they may need specialized parts or knowledge to mend when they break we now understand that innovative capacity must be built in different ways." - united nations secretary-general ban ki-moon based on the secretary general's comments, which of these would be most important for a country to improve? a) native literature b) transportation grid c) cultural traditions d) construction styles

Describe the cultural component "innovation." give two examples. give an example of the cultural component "cultural universals."