Are penal offenses that are directed against an individual who is a member of a "protected group."

I believe the answer is Hate Speech or Hate crime
But as society progress, more and more members of society believe that protection against hate crime should be given to all members of social group rather then a select view.
Even though the freedom of speech is protected in the amendment, it could be overruled by the justice department is the speech is being done to harm others.

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada