Labeling theory: social constructionism, social stigma, deinstitutionalisation, george herbert mead, howard s. becker,

The sociologist Howard S. Becker introduced the above theories. Becker is a well-known theorist in the sociological domains of Crime and Deviance, and the sociology of Art and Music. His most cited theory is the labeling theory. The labeling theory states that if an individual is labelled a ‘criminal’ or ‘deviant’ by members of society, he or she is likely to engage in such behavior and become a true deviant or criminal. 

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.