With respect to depression, beck is to seligman as is to learned ; negative thinking negative thinking; learned negative thinking; dopamine hypothesis dopamine hypothesis; learned

The answer is negative thinking is to learned helplessness. Negative thinking is a way of having thoughts that are negative and to make a person to feel depressed because of these thoughts. While learned helplessness is a way of exhibiting feeling of helpless just to be able to avoid situations that are likely to be negative.

muslims have taken his goods and products to different parts of asia an indonesia. sometimes just traveled and trade, but in other occasions, stayed in the place and made a living.

trade was the key for muslims economies to prosper. their commerce routes reached far places like malaysia and java in the 11th century.

another important factor for prosperity was that muslim states served as the middle point for european traders.

they used to travel by land but sailing the seas -the indian ocean- really increase the exportation of products.