According to messerschmidt, males in every culture try to emulate ideal masculine behaviors. in what culture, according to the text, are masculine behaviors considered authoritative, in charge, combative, and controlling

Left realism in their culture is where males think they have the authority to do and get what they want. They can commit a crime and they will use the reasoning behind it that no one else was going to do anything to take care of it so I mine as well just do their job for them. They think that they are the rulers of women and in some cultures they see nothing wrong with that, especially if that is all the women know what to do.

B) hypothesis. its guessing and your guess could be changed quickly based on the information.