According to piaget, is a type of problem solving method where individuals in formal operational stage of development think more as scientists, devise plans to solve problems, and systematically test solutions.

The blank is this question should read "hypothetical-deductive reasoning". In this stage of problem solving, children can come up with a hypothesis and then logically decide upon the best solution for solving the problem. This type of problem solving develops during adolescence.

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada