One could speak of british foreign policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as manipulative a. they fooled the last ottoman sultan into believing that if they sided with the british against the russians, the british will assist them with massive modernization of the empire's economy. b. the promised the same territory to the hashimites, the saudis, and the zionists. c. the encouraged the egyptian khedive to invest in the cotton industry, only to watch the economy collapse after the end of the american civil war. d. all of the answers are applicable.