Nathan is a bright student in the second grade. He has trouble remembering to raise his to speak and instead shouts out the answer. Ms. Doffer, his teacher, decides to engage Nathan in self-monitoring. Which of the following actions might you expect Ms. Doffer to take as she begins to utilize the self-monitoring process in this case? a. Ensure that Nathan can describe the desired behavior and knows how to do it.
b. Have Nathan keep a chart of when he shouts out and when he raises his hand.
c. Take away one minute of recess time for each instance in which Nathan blurts out a response.
d. Asking Nathan what sort of reinforce would motivate him to reduce his calling-out behavior.

Donald was arrested for murdering an acquaintance. at the trial, donald takes the stand and testifies that he and the victim knew each other. he admits that they would drink and use drugs together. one night while partying, donald explains in his testimony, an argument got out of hand during a card game. donald explains that the victim accused him of cheating and pulled out a knife on him and started swinging it in the air. donald said that he had no choice but to pull out his gun and shoot the victim. the jury convicted donald of manslaughter. who would argue that donald weighed the potential costs and benefits of shooting the victim and decided to pull the trigger as a result of free will? a. a rational choice theorist b. a critical criminologist c. a conflict theorist d. a positivist