What is the term for an appellate court’s decision to overturn the decision of the lower court and rule in favor of the person filing the appeal?.

What is the difference between the idea of stare decisis and something being constitutional?

Why does c. wright mills identify critical thinking as one of the most important criteria for the development of intellectual craftsmanship? why is constantly being aware of the biased nature of your reactions and interactions (what c. wright mills calls self-reflexive) key to the development of that critical thinking? finally, why is keeping a file important, how can it lean to intellectual curiosity which can foster critical thinking and to develop a keen analytical mind?

How would you summarize john hay's first request in the first open door note?