In 1984, Congress enacted legislation ordering the Secretary of Transportation to withhold 5 percent of federal highway funds from states that did not adopt a 21-year-old minimum drinking age. South Dakota, a state that permitted persons 19 years of age to purchase alcohol, challenged the law. In South Dakota v. Dole (1987), the Court delivered a 7 to 2 decision that held that Congress, acting indirectly to encourage uniformity in states' drinking ages, was within constitutional bounds. The Court found that the legislation was in pursuit of "the general welfare," and that the means chosen to do so were reasonable. The Court also held that the constitutional limitations on spending power were not prohibitions on congressional attempts to achieve federal objectives indirectly. The 5 percent loss of highway funds was not excessive.

(A) Identify the constitutional clause that is common to both South Dakota v. Dole (1987) and United States v. Lopez (1995).

(B) Based on the constitutional clause identified in part A, explain why the facts of United States v. Lopez led to a different holding than the holding in South Dakota v. Dole.

(C) Explain how the holding in South Dakota v. Dole affected the balance of power between the states and the national government.

When comparing the northern and southern hemisphere, why are the peak maximum and minimum values of insolation at different times of the year? specifically, why is the peak max of incoming solar radiation in june for the northern hemisphere, but in december for the southern hemisphere? pick the best, most complete answer. because of variations in the incident angle of solar radiation, due to the tilt of earth's axis, the northern hemisphere receives more direct solar radiation in june while the southern hemisphere receives less direct solar radiation. the reverse is true in december. because of earth's tilt, as the earth progresses in its revolution around the sun, the northern hemisphere is relatively closer to the sun in june while the southern hemisphere is relatively farther from the sun. the reverse is true in december. because of earth's elliptical orbit, the northern hemisphere is relatively closer to the sun in june/july while the southern hemisphere is relatively farther from the sun. the reverse is true in december. because of variations in the incident angle of solar radiation and the length of day, due to the tilt of earth's axis, the northern hemisphere receives more direct solar radiation and has longer daylight hours in june while the southern hemisphere receives less direct solar radiation and shorter daylight hours. the reverse is true in december.

Which article of the us constitution addresses the issue of interpeting the laws of the united states

Open opinion / / / if a juvenile committed murder, should the juvenile be in prison for life or be free and seek instead? which and why?