"It was on the third of Siwan at noon (Tuesday, May 73], that Emico the wicked, the enemy of the Semites (Jews), came with his whole army against the city gate, and the citizens opened it up for him. Emico, a German noble, led a band of plundering German and French crusaders. I Then the enemies of the Lord said to each other: 'look! They have opened up the gate for us. Now let us avenge the blood of 'the hanged one' (Jesus]." a The children of the holy covenant who were there, martyrs who feared the Most High, although they saw the great multitude, an army numerous as the sand on the shore of the sea, still clung to their Creator." -- The Crusaders in Mainz, May 27, 1096 1. The term used to describe the actions against the Jews in the passage above is called?