Replace saw people of higher ranks, you had to bow with: saw people of higher ranks, you had to bow
saw people of higher ranks, you had to bow

saw people of higher ranks, they had to bow
saw people of higher ranks, they had to bow

saw people of higher ranks, oneself had to bow
saw people of higher ranks, oneself had to bow

saw people of higher ranks, people had to bow
saw people of higher ranks, people had to bow

the factors that the economies of the muslim empires prosper were:

1- land trade routes-located between three continents  

2- sea trade routes

trade contributed to the spread of muslim empires, and with that islamic culture led to a growing feeling of internationalism resulted in the transfer of technology, science, and other cultural forms.

productive most commonly means: achieving or producing a significant amount or result.

explanation:

productive can also mean:

these depend on how the word productive is used. most likely productive will mean   achieving or producing a significant amount or result.