In two paragraphs, summarize the contributions of Muslim scholars in the areas of astronomy, medicine, mathematics, and geography. Provide a specific example of a contribution in each field.

The contributions of Muslim scholars in the areas of astronomy, medicine, mathematics, and geography are many. They developed what is known as Al-Jabr (includes other concepts such as sine). The example of their contributions in astronomy can be seen when they calculated the movement for stars in order to promote accurate star gazing. The accomplishments in medicine include how they discovered many new herbs that were unknown to the ancient Greeks or Romans. They developed new medicines and also established a better system of health care such as establishing hospitals and clinics. In mathematics, they developed the concept of Algebra. They taught Algebra to many of the people around them and made it popular in Europe. As for geography, they developed a better understanding about the earth. They were able to use the knowledge of the earth to produce maps and globes at a good level of accuracy compared with those who came before them.

Many of the Muslim scholars assistants in the areas of astronomy, medicine, mathematics, and geography were probably scholars, students of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037), Ishaq ibn Hunayn (b. 865 or 867) and Al-Khwarizmi (c. 780–850).

Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), who was born in 965 AD in Basra , is one of the most important contributors to astronomy.

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