Shani has an intense problem with leaving her house. She often refuses to do so, and in cases when she will go out, she simply must be by her mother's side at all times. This goes as far as requiring her mother to be in physical contact (holding hands, clinging to her mother's clothing) whenever they go shopping. Shani also refuses to go to a peer's house for a play date unless her mother stays the whole time and is never more than one room away. Shani may be diagnosed with: oppositional-defiant disorder. generalized anxiety disorder. discontinuation phobia. separation anxiety disorder.