According to Gustave Le Bon, crowd behavior is essentially , so if one person gets excited, angry, or violent, others will quickly pick up on these emotions and actions.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

the answer is true .