The assertion that non- formal institutions have no role to play at the processing stage of the systems. Theory is empty rhetoric. Comments

Answer and Explanation:

The claim that non-formal institutions have no role to play in the processing stage of systems theory is an incorrect claim. This is because the processing stage of systems theory is formed by the rules, concepts and ideas formed in a society. These rules, concepts and ideas have the power to create the limits and goals of a system, which is the function of the systems theory processing step. At this point, we can see the importance of non-formal institutions, as these institutions are primarily responsible for creating rules, concepts and ideas that society adopts and establishes in their communities. In this case, we can say that without non-formal institutions, the processing stage of systems theory would not exist.

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.