The California Foreign Miners Tax affected almost all immigrant populations in California EXCEPT ...

the correct answer is 2.

a slump in geology means a mass movement process of slope failure. a mass of rock or unconsolidated material drops along a slip surface. in other words, rock layers move a short distance down the slope. the slump block is an intact block (2), without any landslide material.

in this image, 1 is the surface of rapture (scarp), 2 the slump block, 3 main scarp (crown), 4 base of rapture with debris flow.

slumps are caused by clear cutting on unstable soils and the sagging of earth, in coastal areas they are due to wave infiltration.

the question deals with financial planning and the answer is that dan did not stay on budget due to the fact that this guy needs to start decreasing his discretionary spending. according to the financial plan, he needed to balance his expenses and resources.