Which of Montesquieu’s and Rousseau’s ideas was adopted by republican governments in Europe and North America in the 1700s? The powers of the state should be separated.
The powers of the state should be separated.

A government works best when ruled by a monarch.
A government works best when ruled by a monarch.

Only kings have the right to rule a country.
Only kings have the right to rule a country.

The government should represent only wealthy landowners.
The government should represent only wealthy landowners.

the answer might be either a or c. can't be too sure , because i searched the web, but no valid answers came through.

the old way of life was represented by superstition, an angry god, and absolute submission to authority. the thinkers of the age of reason ushered in a new way of thinking. this new way championed the accomplishments of humankind. individuals did not have to accept despair. science and reason could bring happiness and progress. kings did not rule by divine right. they had an obligation to their subjects. europeans pondered the implications for nearly a century. americans put them into practice first.

manifest functions are the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern, while latent functions are those unrecognized and unintended consequences. to analyze the manifest functions of any social institution, we have to study its contribution to the continuation of a group, community, or society.