Phillip has been preparing to give the valedictorian speech at his high school since mid-February. He has a fear of public speaking that began in elementary school when he forgot a speech when he was running for student council president. He has been working with the drama teacher at the school to overcome this fear. As graduation approaches, he has started to have difficulty sleeping and has lost his appetite. He has worked hard to earn the opportunity and does think his message of finding his way as a child of immigrants and divorce is important. Still he is beginning to question whether or not he will be able to present the speech in front of such a large crowd. He has spoken to his guidance counselor about his concerns. Explain how each of the following concepts relates to the scenario:
Phobia
Sympathetic nervous system
Intrinsic motivation
Positive reinforcement
Extraversion
Altruism
Elaborative rehearsal

See explanation

Explanation:

• Phobia: This is an irrational fear of a particular thing. In this case, Philip has a fear for public speaking.

• Sympathetic nervous system: When a stressful situation occurs, the sympathetic nervous system responds to such situation as there's a boost is the alertness of ones body. Based on the question, Philip started to have difficulty sleeping and has lost his appetite which is how the sympathetic nervous system reacted.

• Intrinsic motivation: This is when an individual does something without expecting any reward. It comes from within and it's not externally motivated. The intrinsic motivation here is that he has been working with the drama teacher at the school to overcome this fear.

• Positive reinforcement: This simply means making q particular behavior more likely to occur in the future as a result of the fact that something desirable is added after the behavior occurs in order to make it happen again.

• Extraversion: This shows how social and outgoing an individual is. Someone who has a high score in extraversion is very social and outgoing. In this case, Philip will score low as he really isn't social which is why he has a fear of public speaking.

• Altruism: This is when something is done for the benefit of others or in order to promote the welfare of someone else.

• Elaborative rehearsal: This is a technique whereby the thoughts and ideas that are stored in the short-term memory is passed later into the long term memory.

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