How do governments balance the rights of individuals with the common good?

Although individuals are granted with rights, the common good is sometimes used as a way of explaining how certain freedoms of people are taken into considerations over others. These can be compromises based on the consensus of the people, an election is a good example of this, where the right to vote is extended to all citizens, but the actual leader elected is the one who represented the common vote.

Okay perfect i'll be sure to do that lol