When a researcher is successful at measuring what he or she intends to measure, this is called?

Which of the following statements describes the nature of "stigma" as it relates to welfare? a) society values individual characteristics such as self-reliance and a willingness to work hard, welfare recipients are seen as dependent and lazy. b) social welfare hs been polarized as a "moral category", and its related policy includes treating the poor in a dignified manner, as to highlight the responsible nature of the welfare recipents. c) the norm of reciprocity explains the societal obligation to make some return for the things received, welfare recipents are stigmatized because they are able to be seen as making appropiate contributions for the benefits they incur. d) the capitalistic nature of u.s. society stresses that those who work hard and have the ability will be rewarded with success, welfare recipients are equal to those who do not receive welfare because both groups of people deserve the benefits of success.

Which action best represents the policy of appeasement followed by britain and france prior to the start of world war ii? (a)allowing hitler to annex the sudetenland as part of the munich agreement (b)signing the nazi-soviet pact binding hitler and stalin to peaceful relations (c)sending troops to fight with the liberals during the spanish civil war (d)forbidding the sale of arms to any nation at war

What are the most populous and least populous areas of russia? and why are some areas more heavily populated than others?