How have women and minorities used the constitution and the courts to expand their rights?

For starters, they were allowed to protest and express their opinions thanks to the first amendment and since they were peaceful during these protests they couldn't be stopped by racists who wanted it. They used courts to interpret legislation and prevent things like racism and sexism in creating new amendments such as the 19th that gave women their voting rights federation wide. Courts were used to end segregation as well for example.