In the 1600s, many immigrants came to america from britain to escape religious persecution. in the early 1800s, many immigrants came from

Ireland to flee from a potato famine

Explanation:

Another genuine surge of movement from Europe to America occurred from around 1815 to 1865. The majority of these newcomers hailed from Northern and Western Europe to get away from starvation.  

Around 33% began from Ireland, which went through a significant famine in the mid-nineteenth century. During the 1840s, for all intents and purposes half of America's outsiders were from Ireland alone.

no the answer is c only objects touching the earth's surface can be acted upon by an outside force