Sumer, babylonia, assyria, and persia was all empires that ruled the area known as

Mesopotamia empire that's what they were known as.                                          

concurrent jurisdiction is the ability to exercise judicial review by different courts at the same time, within the same territory, and over the same subject matter. for instance, a domestic violence matter may be heard in either a general civil court or a family court in the same county. whichever court actually exercises its jurisdiction first will do so exclusively.

q1: artillery

q2: simon bolivar

q3:   their workers and farmers demanded a return to spanish rule.

q4: drafted new constitutions

q5: oligarchies have replaced monarchies