Which process of behavior modification involves a person learning to associate a desired behavior with a previously unrelated stimulus?

Which individual below advocated that democracy would give way to socialism and capitalism would change into communism?

Martin, a 32-year-old human relations administrator at a university, believes that all professors over age 50 are incapable of learning the new educational technologies and are content to keep presenting their same "tired, boring" lectures. he often expresses these views to other administrators and does not encourage any of the "older" faculty members to attend professional development meetings related to new teaching approaches nor does he suggest that the university send them to any of the technology conferences. martin is exhibiting

Read the following: (1) liz has become more responsive to her partner's advances since a really beautiful woman moved in next door; (2) unable to accept his desire for other young men, 15-year-old juan immerses himself into his studies; (3) shauntel tells people that her coworker mary dislikes her; though if she were honest, shauntel would realize that it is actually she who dislikes mary; (4) "ben's nasty; he's disgusting," says renee; but renee secretly finds ben attractive. describe the defense mechanism he or she is using.