What does the “grandmother hypothesis” propose to explain? (chap 13?

The grandmother hypothesis tries to explain why women have menopause. The theory states that the function of a woman with a menopause is to help spread her genes by helping her daughter spread her own genes and focus on her own fertility and thus she would ensure that there are many newer granddaughters and grandsons

Urban growth invariably feeds increased commercialization and industrialization. it requires continually expanding land areas. when urbanization rates are high, and countries do not have the institutional and managerial capacities or economic wherewithal to manage such rapid growths, they exert intense pressure on the types and nature of the resulting settlements. they contribute to the development of overcrowded slums and shanty towns without adequate essential services and necessary infrastructure.-by asit k. biswas and cecilia tortajada