What was the main reason the attack at pearl harbor was so damaging

To what I know is that it the attack from imperial japan was unexpected and very uncalled for and that grew a lot of tension. After the attack the U.S navy couldn't back down from the sneak attack so they responded with bombing Tokyo. One real reason why I guess the attack was so damaging is that the two parties were angry and fighting over oil and so I guess the Japanese really depended on oil so much.

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