Which of the following types of studies violates the ethical code of the american psychological association?
a. studies that ask about private information
b. studies that administer placebo treatments
c. studies that involve active deception
d. studies that report the results of research individually, identifying the participants

the answer is a quran

answer; self_ disclosure;

states grant a variety of local governments power to meet residents’ needs (source: apex learning). hope this !

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.