What distinguishes the psychoanalysts' approach from the those of earlier psychologists?

This excerpt supports the idea that the sky chief valued

Opinion polls reveal that many people believe that the military buildup of the 1980s came at the expense of pressing domestic problems such as environmental pollution and deteriorating educational and transportation infrastructure. in short, people are becoming aware of

Chris, a master at office gossip and innuendo, says, "we know we have a corporate spy someplace in the organization, probably on the management team itself. there is no evidence that it is audrey. in fact, she's too clean, if you know what i mean. somebody should fire audrey; she's got to be the spy." by making this argument chris is actually engaging in (a) an appeal to emotion fallacy (b) a straw man fallacy (c) an appeal to ignorance fallacy (d) circular reasoning (e) an appeal to the mob fallacy