•confidence intervals: why are they useful in to determine clinical significance?

Confidence intervals are used in statististics to determine whether the results you get from an estimation are sensitive to the sample you used. In other words, it shows how the results may differ if you repeat the same process again and again.

In the case of Clinical significance, confidence intervals are used to determine whether a result from a treatment can be considered valid for the rest of the population and not only for your specific sample